Convergence of marine megafauna movement patterns in coastal and open oceans

A. M.M. Sequeira, J. P. Rodriguez, Victor M Eguiluz, R. Harcourt, M. Hindell, D. W. Sims, C. M. Duarte, D. P. Costa, J. Fernández-Gracia, L. C. Ferreira, G. C. Hays, M. R. Heupel, M. G. Meekan, A. Aven, F. Bailleul, A. M.M. Baylis, M. L. Berumen, C. D. Braun, J. Burns, M. J. CaleyR. Campbell, R. H. Carmichael, Erik G. Clua, L. D. Einoder, Ari Friedlaender, M E. Goebel, S. D. Goldsworthy, C. Guinet, J. Gunn, D. Hamer, N. Hammerschlag, M. Hammill, L. A. Hückstädt, N. E. Humphries, M. -A. Lea, A. Lowther, A. Mackay, E. McHuron, J. McKenzie, L. McLeay, C. R. McMahon, K. Mengersen, M. M. C. Muelbert, A. M. Pagano, B. Page, N. Queiroz, P. W. Robinson, S. A. Shaffer, Mahmood Shivji, G. B. Skomal, S. R. Thorrold, S. Villegas-Amtmann, M. Weise, R. Wells, Bradley M. Wetherbee, A. Wiebkin, B. Wienecke, M. Thums

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The extent of increasing anthropogenic impacts on large marine vertebrates partly depends on the animals’ movement patterns. Effective conservation requires identification of the key drivers of movement including intrinsic properties and extrinsic constraints associated with the dynamic nature of the environments the animals inhabit. However, the relative importance of intrinsic versus extrinsic factors remains elusive. We analyze a global dataset of ∼2.8 million locations from >2,600 tracked individuals across 50 marine vertebrates evolutionarily separated by millions of years and using different locomotion modes (fly, swim, walk/paddle). Strikingly, movement patterns show a remarkable convergence, being strongly conserved across species and independent of body length and mass, despite these traits ranging over 10 orders of magnitude among the species studied. This represents a fundamental difference between marine and terrestrial vertebrates not previously identified, likely linked to the reduced costs of locomotion in water. Movement patterns were primarily explained by the interaction between species-specific traits and the habitat(s) they move through, resulting in complex movement patterns when moving close to coasts compared with more predictable patterns when moving in open oceans. This distinct difference may be associated with greater complexity within coastal microhabitats, highlighting a critical role of preferred habitat in shaping marine vertebrate global movements. Efforts to develop understanding of the characteristics of vertebrate movement should consider the habitat(s) through which they move to identify how movement patterns will alter with forecasted severe ocean changes, such as reduced Arctic sea ice cover, sea level rise, and declining oxygen content.

Original languageAmerican English
Pages (from-to)3072-3077
Number of pages6
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume115
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 26 2018

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

  • General

Keywords

  • Angles
  • Displacements
  • Global Satellite Tracking
  • Probability Density Function
  • Root-Mean-Square
  • Turning
  • Global satellite tracking
  • Root-mean-square
  • Probability density function
  • Turning angles
  • Oceans and Seas
  • Vertebrates
  • Animals
  • Ecosystem
  • Animal Migration
  • Databases, Factual

Disciplines

  • Biology
  • Life Sciences

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